Lesson 1: Basic Grammar

1. Nouns (संज्ञा)

Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. In Hindi, these are known as संज्ञा।

• Example: John (a person), city (a place), book (a thing), happiness (an idea)
• उदाहरण: राम (एक व्यक्ति), शहर (एक स्थान), किताब (एक वस्तु), खुशी (एक विचार)

2. Verbs (क्रिया)

Verbs are action words. They describe what a subject does or is. In Hindi, these are known as क्रिया।

• Example: run (to move quickly), eat (to consume food), be (to exist)
• उदाहरण: दौड़ना (तेजी से चलना), खाना (भोजन करना), होना (अस्तित्व में होना)

3. Adjectives (विशेषण)

Adjectives describe nouns. They give more information about a person, place, thing, or idea. In Hindi, these are known as विशेषण।

• Example: beautiful (describes a noun like "girl"), large (describes a noun like "house")
• उदाहरण: सुंदर (एक संज्ञा का वर्णन जैसे "लड़की"), बड़ा (एक संज्ञा का वर्णन जैसे "घर")

4. Sentence Structure (वाक्य संरचना)

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A basic sentence structure in English usually follows the Subject + Verb + Object format. In Hindi, this is often Subject + Object + Verb.

• English Example: She eats an apple. (Subject: She, Verb: eats, Object: an apple)
• Hindi Example: वह एक सेब खाती है। (Subject: वह, Object: एक सेब, Verb: खाती है)

5. Articles (लेख)

Articles are used before nouns and can be definite (the) or indefinite (a, an). In Hindi, these are known as लेख।

• Example: the apple (refers to a specific apple), an apple (refers to any apple)
• उदाहरण: वह सेब (किसी विशेष सेब की ओर इशारा करता है), एक सेब (किसी भी सेब की ओर इशारा करता है)

6. Prepositions (पूर्वसर्ग)

Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. In Hindi, these are known as पूर्वसर्ग।

• Example: in (location), on (position), at (specific place)
• उदाहरण: में (स्थान), पर (स्थिति), पर (विशिष्ट स्थान)

These are the basics of English grammar. Understanding these concepts will help you build strong sentences and communicate effectively in English. Stay tuned for more lessons where we will dive deeper into each of these topics.